The Makah Essays - Whaling, Animal Rights, Makah, Clallam County

The Makah The Makah are a Native Indian tribe who have recently decided to enact their treaty rights, and start to hunt for whales. These actions have caused an uproar in North America. The Natives state that they are not doing anything but exercising their legal rights. Opponents to their hunting of whales argue that the Makah are a group of uncivilized and inhumane individuals, and that they are harming nature. The reportage of the controversy surrounding the Makah can be seen as ethnocentric in many ways. Through the language used by the media involved in the controversy, one can constantly see the Native people being viewed as inhumane savages. In turn, this language allows readers to be sent mixed messages about the Makah and their position in the whaling dispute. Finally, the protestors themselves have contradictory arguments which leads one to question the motivating factors behind their position. In order to fully understand the whaling controversy, it is necessary to understand the history of the Makah. They were a group of Native people who hunted gray whales. As a result of their increased trade with the Europeans, the 'white man' decided to also enter this hunt for the whale. This competition between the Makah and the 'white man' lead to the whale coming close to extinction. Due to their love for nature and respect for the whale, the Makah decided to voluntarily refrain from hunting whales. It is important to note however, that in 1855, the Governor of Washington State agreed to the Treaty Of Neah Bay, which gave the Makah a right to hunt for whales. This is what is at the heart of the controversy. The Makah have recently enacted their hunting rights of the whale after seventy years, and are now resuming their hunt for whales. The Makah reasoning is a relatively simple one. In 1946, the gray whale population was 2000, and now their count is over 26,000. They believe that it is safe to hunt for whales again. The Makah have been a group of people who have relied on whale hunting. . They used the blubber from the whale to feed their families, and they used the rest of the whale to provide themselves with shelter and tools. However, their opponents have dismissed this practice of hunting whales as inhumane. Through the language that is being used by the media, one can see Native people being viewed as savages. The language being used is not blatantly discriminatory against the Native people, but is done in a subtle, yet powerful way, in order to evoke a message that Native people are inhumane. One of the reasons for this negative commentary regarding Native people hunting for whales could be due to ethnocentrism. This is the belief that one's own culture is considered to be normal, therefore, other cultures are considered abnormal. The media carefully uses words that show their bias towards the Native People. The media tries to make the Makah look like a band of savages. While writing about a recent anti-whaling demonstration, Peggy Andersen writes, In a simmering dispute that ended with a scuffle and arrests, angry Makah Indians pelted a protest boat with rocks as the two sides bickered over a tribal plan to hunt gray whales. The wording of this opening paragraph leads the reader to th ink that it was Makah who were causing trouble, and that they were the one's that were arrested. However, if one were to complete the article, they would realize that this was not the case. Another example of media bias against the Makah people is when Jonathan Dube writes, As much as it's possible for one dead animal to give new life to an entire nation, that's what has happened here. Dube is implying that it is impossible for an animal that has died to bring life to a nation, however, that is what has occurred. He does not understand how killing this whale could give life to the Makah, and therefore, he conveys this message of doubt to his readers. Dube is indirectly stating that the Makah need to kill in order to have life. Many readers and viewers of the media are being sent mixed messages about the

general knowledge about uttrakhand Essays

general knowledge about uttrakhand Essays general knowledge about uttrakhand Essay general knowledge about uttrakhand Essay Essay Topic: Woman On the Edge Of Time general knowledge about uttrakhand BY mujahid94375 Governor:Margaret Alva Chief Minister:Ramesh Pokhrival Capital: Dehradun (Provisional) Legislature: Unicameral Lok Sabha seats: 5 Judicature: Nainital High Court Languages: Hindi, Garhwali, Kumaoni Population density: 159/sq km No. of districts: 13 Rivers: Ganga, Yamuna and Sharada Minerals: Limestone, rock, phosphate, dolomite, magnesite, copper, graphite, soap stone, gypsum etc. Industries: Forest based-small scale industries Airports: Jolly Grant (Dehradun), Pantnagar (Udham Singh Nagar), and Nani-Seni (Pithoragarh), Airstrips at Gauchar (Chamoli) and Chinyalisaur (Uttarkashi) PHYSICAL FEATURES Uttarakhand is located in the foothills of the Himalayas. The region is mostly mountainous with a major portion covered with forests. Based on topographic characteristics, specific availability of land resources for urban development and economic mobility, Uttarakhand can be segregated into three broad categories, 1 . The high mountain region (these would include significant portions of Uttarkashi, Champawat, Pithoragarh, Chamoli and Rudra-prayag districts), 2. The mid-mountain region (major parts of Pauri Garhwal, Tehri, Almora, Bageshwar districts). 3. The Doon, Terai region and Hardwar (lower foothills and plains of Dehradun, Nainital, Udhamsingh Nagar and Hardwar districts). The significant peaks of the Great Himalayan range in the state are Nanda Devi, Panchachuli, Kedarnath, Chaukhamba, Badrinath, Trishul, Bandarpunch and Kamet. Pindar, Gangotri, Milam and Khatling are the important glaciers. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Uttarakhand has been mentioned in the ancient Hindu scriptures as Kedarkhand, Manaskhand and Himavant. The Kushanas, Kunindas, Kanishka, Samudra Gupta, the Pauravas, Katuris, Palas, the Chandras and Pawaras and the British have ruled it in turns. : It is often called the Land of the Gods (Dev Bhoomi) because of its various holy places and abundant shrines. The hilly regions of Uttarakhand offer unspoilt landscapes to the tounst-pilgnm. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS 1902 Uttranchal came into existence. 1935 Renamed United Province 1950 Renamed as Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand remained a part of Uttar Pradesh 9 November 2000 became the 27th State of India wnlcn states Doraer uttaraKnan0? Edit A The following states border Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh Haryana Himachal Pradesh Kashipur was known as Govishan or Govisana, during the time of Harsha (606-647 AD), when Xuanzang (631-641) visited this region. The ruins of the large settlement of those days are still to be seen near the city. [2] Kashipur was named after Kashinath Adhikari, the founder of the township and governor of the pargana, one of the officers of the Chand Kings of Kumaon in the 16th and 17th centuries. [3] Girital and Drona Sagar are well known spots and are associated with the story of the Pandavas. The Chaiti Mela[4] is the best known fair of Kashipur. Today Kashipur is an important industrial township. In autumn, after the monsoon, one can see the snow-clad peaks of Trishul and its surroundings. Kashipur was declared as Municipal Corporation on 26th January 2013 by the The Chief Minister Vijay Bahuguna, First Election for the newly formed municipal Corporation held on 28th April 2013 Paper : Uttarakhand General Knowledge: Objective Questions 1.. How many universities are there in Uttarakhand ? (D) 11 Ans : (D) 2. Who among the following is the present chief Minister of Uttarakhand? (A) Naraya dutt Tiwari (B) B. c. Khandun (C) B. L. JOShi (D) Chand Lal Shah Ans : (B) 3. When was the U. P. reorganisation Bill passed in Lok Sabha ? A) 1st August, 2000 (B) 5th August, 2000 (C) 28th August, 2000 (D) 30th August, 2000 Ans : (A) 4. Main source of income of Uttarakhand is? ¤?‚ ¬ (A) Energy (B) Forest resources and tourism (C) Industry (D) Agriculture 5 Where is Lal Bahadur Shastri Academy situated? (A) Dehradun (B) Mussoorie (C) Nainital (D) Almora 6. Corbett National Park is situated in which district of Uttarakhand ? (A) Chamoli (B) Nainital (C) Rishikesh (D) Garhwal 7. Where is the Sat-tal lake situated at Uttarakhand ? (A) Nainital (B) Chamoli (C) Almora (D) paun 8. Which of the following passes is in Uttarakhand? A) Mana (B) Darma (C) Kungri-Bigri (D) Lipulekh 9. What is the main cause of the formation of Uttarakhand ? A) Land and identity of hilly people (B) Backwardness, poverty, inconvenience and migration (C) Protection of hill peoples culture (D) Political awarness of hilly people 10. How many types of forests are found in Uttarakhand ? (A) Four (B) -rwo (C) Three (D) Five 1 1 . Which of these is the Mini Switzerland according to Mahatma Gandhi? (A) Almora (Kausani) (C) Sadri Nath (D) Pithoragarh Singh 12. At present what is the area of Uttarakhand ? (A) 53. 83 km2 (B) 55,420 km2 (C) 50,343 km2 (D) 52530 km2 13. In which region of Uttarakhand is Nagrik and Soyam forest development project launched (A) Kumaon region B) Garhwal region (C) 80th in (A) and (B) (D) Entire state Ans : (C) 14. At the bank of which river is Rishikesh pilgrim centre in Uttarakhand situated? (A) Ghaghara (B) Ganga (C) Sharda (D) Yamuna 15. Chandi Prasad the dignity of Uttarakhand, was awarded the international prize, what is that prize? (A) Nobel prize (B) Oskar prize (C) Ramon Magsaysay Prize (D) None of these. 16. Which is the small Kashmir of Uttarakhand ? A) Mussoorie (D) Pithoragarh 17. The distinguished lady of the state who has been honoured with an international recognition in 2000 is? ¤?‚ ¬ (A) Mranal Pandey (B) Shivant (C) Kalawati Rawat D) Tara Pandey 18. Last king of Uttarakhand is known? ¤?‚ ¬ (A) Bamshah (B) Pradhuman Shah (C) Harsh Dev Joshi (D) Manvendra Shah 19. The sex ratio in Uttarakhand is? ¤?‚ ¬ (A) 947 (B) 959 (C) 962 (D) 965 20. Who was the first Chief Minister of Uttarakhand? (A) Nityanand Swami (B) SurJeet Singh Barnala (C) Govind Ballabh Pant (D) Narain Dutt Tiwari 21 . When did the earthquake occur in Uttar Kashi ? A) In 1990 (B) In 1991 (C) In 1992 (D) In 1998 22. The origin of Pindar r iver is from? ¤?‚ ¬ (A) Milam (B) Sadri Nath (C) Pindari glacier (D) Kedar Nath 23. Where is the Tiffin Top situated? (B) Bhimtal (C) Haldwani D) Ranikhet 24. By which name is the Haridwar known (A) Kumon Nagrl (B) Sant Nagri (C) Ganga Nagri (D) (A) and (B) both 25. British woman Hielamen known as Sarla Bahen her working field was? ¤?‚ ¬ (A) Reform in Uttarakhand state (B) Medical services in Uttarakhand state (C) Organisation of freedom fghting in the state (D) Propagation of Christianity -in the state 26. Among the High Courts of the country, the Uttarakhand High Court ranks? ¤?‚ ¬ (A) 18th (B) 19th (C) 20th (D) 21st 27. In which district of Uttarakhand is the state forest services college situated? (A) Nainital (B) Sri Nagar (C) Dehradun 28. Papers were thrown in U. P. Assembly for the formation of Uttarakhand on? ¤?‚ ¬ (A) 19th August, 1994 (B) 19th August, 1995 (C) 19th August, 1996 (D) 19th August, 1997 29. The world famous Valley of flowers is situated at? ¤?‚ ¬ (A) Nainital (C) Uttar Kashi 30. Which of the following temples is situated at Kedar Nath? A) Vishnu (B) Shiva (C) Brahma (D) Kali 31 . Which of the following pilgrimage centres is a place of re-establishment of Hindu religion by Shankracharya ? (A) Haridwar (B) Badri Nath (C) Kader Nath (D) Rishikesh 32. Which one of the following is known as the queen of hills of Uttarakhand? A) Mussoorie (B) Ranikhet (C) SriNagar (D) Sadri Nath 33. Where is the China peak situated? (A) Chamoli (B) Almora ( D) Nainital 34. Which of the following countries, boundaries touch the Uttarakhand state? (A) Nepal-Pakistan (B) Tibet-Pakistan (C) Tibet-China (D) Tibet-Nepal 35. Where is the agriculture universities in Uttarakhand (A) Pant Nagar (Nainital) (B) paun (C) Rudra Prayag (D) Roorkee (Haridwar) 36. What is Lansdowne? (A) A tourist place (B) An industrial area (C) A recreational place (D) None of these 37. According to area which is the biggest district in Uttarakhand ? (A) Uttar Kashi D) Dehradun 38. Where is the tradition of Long and Bhella dance in Uttarakhand (A) Garhwal 39. Previously what was the name of Uttarakhand ? (A) Karam Bhumi (B) Uttrakhand (C) Uttar Pradesh (D) Kurmanchal 40. Where is the maximum rice grown in Uttarakhand ? (B) Dehradun (C) Uddham Singh Nagar (D) Haridwar 41 . Where is the Sarovar Nagri in the state? (C) Ranikhet 42. At present who is the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand ? (A) Bhagat Singh Kaushiari (B) Narain Dutt Tiwari (C) Nityanand Swami (D) Matwar Singh Bhandari 43: The capital (Temporary) of Uttarakhand is? ¤?‚ ¬ (B) Gairsain (D) Kalagarh 4. Maximum Temale literacy In uttaraKnana I Isa 45. Which of the following dams is Sunder Lal Bahuguna opposing? (A) Pancheshwar Dam (B) Kisau Dam (C) Tehrt Darn (D) Lakhwar Dam 46. The national poet Sumitra Nandan Pant was the resident of? ¤?‚ ¬ (A) Kausani (Almora) (C) Bageshwar 47. Who availed the longest term of Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, elected from Uttaranchal ? (A) Chaudhari Charan Singh (B) Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna 48. Where has an 1. 1. T. in collaboration with 1. 1. T. Switzerland been opened? (A) Dehradun (C) Chamoli 49. Who is the present Chief Secretary of Uttarakhand ? A) Sudha Rani Pandey (B) S. K. Das (C) B. L. Bhandan (D) l. K. pandey 50. Who is the present chairman of Uttarakhand Public Service Commission ? A) N. P. Navani (B) Sudha Rani Pandey (c) M. c. snanaarl (D) Gopal Singh Nayal 1 . The biggest hydroelectric project of Uttarakhand is? (A) Kotli Bhel Hydroelectric Project (B) Vishnu Prayag Hydroelectric Project (C) Tehri Hydroelectric Project (D) Maneri Bhali Hydroelectric Project 2. RaJJat is celebrated in a gap of how many years? (A)06 years (B)IO years (C)12 years (D)05 years 3. Where is Khatling glaciersituated? (A)Pith oragarhuctistrict B)Tehri district (C)Chalnoli district (D)Uttarkashi district 4. How many district share boundary with Nainital? (A)05 (B)04 (006 (D)03 S. Who was the youngest soldier who got Victoria Cross award in Uttarakhand? (A)Gabar Singh Negi (B)Darmiyan Singh N (C)Chandra Singh Ga (D)Madho Singh Bhandari 6. How many deemed, State,Central universities were working till 2009 in Uttarakhand? (A) 08 (B) 10 (C) 09 (D) 15 7. In which district of Uttarakhand,Lakha Mandal is situated? (A)Dehradun (B)Rudraprayag (C)Nainital (D)Uttarkashi 8. Which of the following is not a Tribe of Uttarakhand? (A) Bhotia (B) Than

Nonplussed

Nonplussed Nonplussed Nonplussed By Maeve Maddox The Latin phrase non plus, â€Å"not more, no further,† entered English as a noun with the following meaning: A state in which no more can be said or done; inability to proceed in speech or action; a state of perplexity or puzzlement; a standstill. As a verb, to nonplus means, â€Å"to bring to a nonplus or standstill; to perplex, confound.† In modern speech, the verb is most commonly seen in the participle form nonplussed. Until about the 1960s, nonplussed was used with only one meaning: Brought to a nonplus or standstill; at a nonplus; perplexed, confounded. Since the 1960s, nonplussed has taken on another meaning for some English speakers: Not disconcerted; unperturbed, unfazed. The OED mentions this second meaning in its entry for nonplussed, labeling it â€Å"chiefly American.† The recognized authority for American usage, however, does not list this second meaning of nonplussed. It doesn’t even have an entry for nonplussed. The verb nonplus is defined this way: â€Å"to cause to be at a loss as to what to say, think, or do; reduce to a state of total incapacity to act or decide.† Merriam-Webster gives three examples: this turn of events nonplusses me nonplussed by the disclosure for a moment the girl was nonplussed The reversal of meaning from perturbed to unperturbed has arisen from the mistaken idea that the non- in nonplussed is a prefix, like the non- in nontoxic. Some speakers seem to think that nonplussed is formed by adding non- to the hypothetical root plussed. US speakers do use nonplussed with the original meaning: May 16, 2015   When invited to come here I was flattered, but  a bit nonplussed.- Charles Gibson, US journalist, 2015. Many consumers nonplussed, confused with latest tech, survey finds- Automotive News, (published in Michigan), 2015. However, most of the recent examples of nonplussed that I have found in US sources use it in the sense of unfazed, unimpressed, or unmoved. For example: Uber Driver Nonplussed After Giving Jeb Bush Ride in San Francisco- NBC News. (According to the article, the driver was unimpressed.) â€Å"I’m in first place by a lot, it seems, according to all the polls,† Trump says, in his New York accent, with his usual facial expression: a sort of perpetually nonplussed duckface, like he is continually being impressed with himself anew.- Atlantic Monthly, 2015. Nonplussed, Colbert has kept up his usual antics.- CBS News, 2015. Unlike self-antonyms like dust and sanction, whose meanings are usually clear from context, nonplussed is a source of ambiguity. The phrases â€Å"dusting the furniture† and â€Å"dusting the crops† require no additional qualification; the different meanings are immediately apparent. A statement like â€Å"the defendant was nonplussed,† however, means one thing to one English speaker and the opposite to another. Take, for example, this statement in the clinical study of a disturbed teenager: He appeared nonplussed when  the issue of the family cat was raised.- Francis D. Kelly, The Assessment of Object Relations Phenomena in Adolescents, Routledge, 2014. The boy was in treatment because, among other disturbing behavior, he had killed the family cat. When I read the sentence, I understood it to mean that the mention of the cat caused the boy to exhibit signs of confusion. On second thought, I realized that the author may have intended nonplussed to mean unmoved. Authors of serious works cannot afford to use nonplussed without providing context clues to indicate which meaning is intended. The following examples provide such clues: In an interview  with the CBS news magazine â€Å"60 Minutes,† Steve Schmidt described Palin as â€Å"very calm - nonplussed† after McCain met with her at his Arizona ranch just before putting her on the Republican ticket.  (nonplussed=unperturbed) Vance  appeared nonplussed  and genuinely surprised that such large political questions had been raised by the memorandum. (nonplussed=agitated) ODonnell appeared to be nonplussed by the wording of the first amendment, repeatedly returning to the subject and sounding incredulous after her Democratic opponent Chris Coons attempted to explain it to her. (nonplussed=confused) Because nonplussed no longer conveys the same meaning to all readers, writers must be thoughtful in its use. Accompanying the word with context clues is one option. Choosing a different word entirely is another. Some options for the meaning originally conveyed by nonplussed: perplexed, confounded, disconcerted, upset, agitated. Some options for the reversed meaning of nonplussed: not disconcerted, unperturbed, unfazed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'tsFive Spelling Rules for "Silent Final E"How Do You Pronounce "Often"?

Poverty alienation through increased private sector or state controlin Essay

Poverty alienation through increased private sector or state controlin Nigeria...what is the way forward - Essay Example Despite providing 95 per cent of foreign exchange earnings and about 60 per cent of government revenues, the oil sector’s contribution to GDP is less than 25 per cent. The agriculture sector is largely subsidized and has made a 26.8 per cent contribution to GDP in 2005. Industry and services contributed by 48.8 and 24.4 per cent respectively. Although, Nigeria had once been a large net exporter of food, it is now importing some of its food products. Nigeria’s economic progression has been disturbed by corruption, political instability and poor macroeconomic management for years. Following the restoration of democratic rule in 1999, Nigeria is now undergoing substantial economic reform (Anthony Maduagwu, 09/09/00). During the period 2003 to 2007, Nigeria put into effect National Economic Empowerment Development Strategy (NEEDS) which aimed towards raising the standard of living of the people by establishing macroeconomic stability through deregulation of the economic environment privatization of government ventures, economic liberalization and accountability. This initiative also addressed the basic deficiencies such as unreliable power supplies, poor infrastructure and lack of fresh water for household and irrigation. It was also aimed towards creating 7 million employments, boosting non-energy exports, increasing industrial capacity utilization, improving agricultural productivity and diversifying the economy. Similar initiative called State Economic Empowerment Development Strategy was also implemented at the state level. The UN sponsored the National Development Goals program for Nigeria, as a long-term economic development program, covering the period 2000-2015. Under this program Nigeria is committed to achieve number of set targets in the areas of poverty reduction, gender equality, health, education, environment and international development cooperation. Despite these efforts and with the presence of enormous

The Hypertension as High Blood Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Hypertension as High Blood Problem - Essay Example According to the paper as it is widely accepted that smoking may cause High Blood Pressure and heart disease, giving up smoking should be her first priority. There are a variety of methods to achieve this and she should be made aware of them. She will have to take measures in respect of her diet to reduce the amount of salt that she consumes and should be aware of the salt content of the packaged food she uses. The same care should be undertaken with her intake of fat. She should also be advised to reduce her alcohol consumption to an acceptable level. She should make get regular exercise to assist in the loss of weight which will also assist in the reduction of cholesterol and high blood pressure. Stress is a major factor in high blood pressure and she will have to make an undertaking to control her stress levels. Her physician will give her medications help in reducing her cholesterol and also Diuretics to reduce salt and fluid from her kidneys. She will need to have regular blood tests and have her blood pressure measured on a regular basis to ensure that all aspects of her disease are kept at acceptable levels.

Application of Anthropological Concepts Essay Example for Free

Application of Anthropological Concepts Essay Concepts in anthropology, especially those which describe, predict, explain, and evaluate the behavior of groups or categories of people are termed as general or explanatory concepts. Kinship, marriage, religion, race, class, and language are some of the general concepts being studied in the field of anthropology. In a way, general concepts can also be used to create models that will facilitate hypothesis testing. In essence, this type of concept is generally a medium of creating specific concepts – concepts which represent a part of a general phenomenon. One may argue that it is difficult to delineate the boundary between a general and a specific concept. However, it should be noted that general concepts represent realities magnified by the rigours of scientific investigation. In some cases, general concepts are known as ideal types (although this is fairly incorrect since ideal types are measurements of existing systems – although derived from it). In this essay, two academic articles or books will be presented to highlight some important concepts applied in the study of anthropology. The first article is a review of Bronislaw Malinowski ethnographic study in the Trobriand Islands. This article focuses on the general effect of kinship to the latent system of a preliterate society and vice-versa. The general thesis of Malinowski study is summed up as follows: Kinship determines the structure of law; law determines the structure of the society. His thesis will be explained in detailed in the following pages. The second article is an ethnographic study of Indian reservations in the United States. Race is the central concept in this article. The thesis of the article is; modernization in the United States erased the Indian notion of race as embodiment of cultural identity. Kinship and Law Firth (1980), in his review of Bronislaw Malinowski study on the Trobriand Islands, identified two types of laws: civil law and criminal law. The first one is positive law governing all the phases of tribal life. The second type is made up of rules safeguarding such institutions as chieftainship, exogamy, rank, and marriage. Thus, the â€Å"civil law, in contrast to criminal, is the ‘law obeyed and not the law broken’† (Firth, 1980:73). The creation of a law system in the Trobriand Islands, according to Malinowski, is essentially based on kinship. The system of law was created to foster greater solidarity among kin or family members. This was later extended to clans outside the immediate kin. Thus, the first type of law (civil) was essentially created out of this purpose. Formal rules governing chieftainship, rank, marriage, and exogamy were essentially derivations of the former. According to Malinowski, since the law was created to maintain kinship ties, it has therefore four senses. Here are as follows: (1) the law of cultural determinism, (2) the law or rule of native conduct, (3) the law of order and maintenance, and (4) the mechanisms of law when breach occurs. In essence, these senses of the law determine the shape or form of preliterate societies. In general, kinship and law are highly associated concepts since they determine the outcome of social relationships. Specifically, according to Malinowski, societies as old as those found in the Trobriand Islands do not need a definite set of laws to define its kinship structure since rules are essentially derived from kin systems. Race and Modernity Lynch (1974), in his ethnographic study on Indian reservations, argued that the modernization process occurring in the reservations was generally dangerous for the whole Indian community in the United States. The dangers are as follows; 1) The basic assumptions of Indian-American culture are radically changing. For example, close family ties are becoming absent in some Indian reservations; 2) Race assumptions are also changing. In the past, â€Å"race† for Indians refer to â€Å"common cultural identity. † Nowadays, American Indians associate race with â€Å"stereotype labeling of an oppressed minority. † In short, the term race was used to convey a â€Å"glorious statement of cultural identity† in the past in contrast to its derogatory sense nowadays. 3) And, the modernization process is creating mediums for racial discrimination. For example, before 1960, it was illegal for Indians to work in mines unless certified by the Employment Bureau (this had been eliminated in the late 1960s, although Indians still face the insecurity and discrimination in the workplace). The author concluded that the modernization process of Indian reservations in the United States had been based on false assumptions; assumptions derived from the West. According to him, â€Å"it provided a glimpse of their future as well, a glimpse made all the more comforting to the West by the assurance it gave †¦ path to modernity† (Lynch, 1974:186). References Man and Culture: An Evaluation of the Work of Bronislaw Malinowski. 1980. Ed Raymond Firth. Britain: Redwood Burn Limited. Rethinking Modernization. Ed. John Poggie and Robert Lynch. 1974. Political Modernization in a Native American Community. Connecticut: Greenwood Press.

A Synagogue Essay -- Papers

A Synagogue A synagogue will look like any other building from the outside - the only sign you might get from the outside is the star of David which is called magen David in the Hebrew tongue. There may also be a sign outside stating the name of the synagogue. There are many names for a synagogue such as; shul - which means school in Hebrew, bet haknesset, which means house of assembly - this is only used by Sephardim, which is oriental Jews. A synagogue is primarily a place of worship but also functions as a community centre for the Jews. The building is so important that the whole Jewish community that worship there will revolve around the building. It is used as a teaching school for Jewish children where they will be taught the Hebrew alphabet, numbers of Hebrew and about their faith. This school is a Jewish equivalent to a Christian 'Sunday school.' If you now go inside you would see that the synagogue is rectangular and although you will not realise it, but the whole synagogue is built facing Israel, if possible, Jerusalem. There will be a sink where the congregation will wash their hands and feet before praying or worshipping. You will also notice that there are separate seats. This is because in orthodox synagogues, the men sit on the ground floor and worship and the women sit in the gallery. There is a good reason for this - and not because the Jews are sexist - but because in Judaism, the men take on the role of worshipping and the women are expected to look after the house and the children so if people were late (the women). This may be because they had to change the baby or something like that so instead of disturbi... ...yed and the hymns and songs are sung without the aid or backup of music. In a liberal or reformed synagogue however things would be very different, for instance, there is quite a large chance that a female rabbi would be conducting the service, the man and women are more 'equal' they sit together and worship together as one big mass. The bimah may be at the front which, in my opinion, gives a sense of preaching and I think Jews know their religion, they don't need to be educated about it they just want to worship god. There also may be an organ to accompany songs and hymns because music is permitted in reformed synagogues. There would also be slightly less Hebrew spoken. So this synagogue I have described to you is an orthodox synagogue. Orthodox translates to "right belief" and is considered to be traditional Judaism.

Neocolonialism

Introduction Neocolonialism is the practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural forces to control a country (usually former European colonies in Africa or Asia) in lieu of direct military or political control. Such control can be economic, cultural, or linguistic; by promoting one's own culture, language or media in the colony, corporations embedded in that culture can then make greater headway in opening the markets in those countries. Thus, neocolonialism would be the end result of relatively benign business interests leading to deleterious cultural effects.Neocolonialism describes certain economic operations at the international level which have alleged similarities to the traditional colonialism of the 16th to the 20th centuries. The contention is that governments have aimed to control other nations through indirect means; that in lieu of direct military-political control, neocolonialist powers employ economic, financial, and trade policies to dominate less powerful countries. What is the social phenomena neocolonialism?It is a set of political, economic, social and colonial arrangements or systems which continue to exist in a society, managed and controlled by little local property-ruling class on behalf of their corresponding foreign property-ruling class. The arrangement is a phenomenon which is heavily imposed on the majority of the people who remain poor, unemployed, low income-earned, unskilled, and uneducated. These arrangements designate a continuation of colonialism wherein the majority of the people are denied control and management of the bulk of their wealth. Describe the origins of neocolonialism.The political-science term neocolonialism became popular usage in reference to the continued European control the economic, cultural, of African countries that had been decolonized in the aftermath of the Second World War (1939–45). As a political scientist, Nkrumah theoretically developed and extended, to the post–War 20th c entury, the socio-economic and political arguments presented by Lenin in the pamphlet Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917), about 19th-century imperialism as the logical extension of power to meet the financial investment needs of the political economy of capitalism.What are the effects of neocolonialism? In effect, third world rulers give concessions and monopolies to foreign corporations in return for consolidation of power and monetary bribes. In most cases, much of the money loaned to these LDCs is returned to the favored foreign corporations. Thus, these foreign loans are, in effect, subsidies to crony corporations of the loaning state's rulers. This collusion is sometimes referred to as â€Å"the corporatocracy. Organizations accused of participating in neo-imperialism include the World Bank, World Trade Organization and Group of Eight, and the World Economic Forum. Various â€Å"first world† states, notably the United States, are said to be involved. An insider's first-hand description of the corporatocracy is described in the book Confessions of an Economic Hitman by John Perkins. Name at least one way in which neocolonialism can be rectified?

Employment responsibilities Essay

Understand employment responsibilities and rights in health, social care or children and young people’s settings. Outcome 1 – know the statutory responsibilities and rights of employees and employers within own area of work 1 – Health & safety, minimum wage, working hours, equality 2 – Health & Safety at Work Act 1974: An act put in place to look after the health, safety and welfare of people at work, for protecting others against risks to health or safety in connection with the activities of people at work. Equality Act 2010: This act legally protects people from discrimination in the workplace. Employment Rights Act 1996: This act explains what rights employees have in a place of work. For example, time off work, guaranteed wages, dismissal and redundancy. 3 – To protect employees against circumstances they may face in their working lives. Every person who works for an employer is protected from discrimination in the workplace, has the right to receive the national minimum wage, and to work no more than 48 hours per week unless they wish to. These employee rights apply regardless of whether the employee or worker is temporary, fixed-term or permanent, or how long they have worked for the employer. These laws provide rules and regulations that must be followed. 4 – Sources and types of information and advice available can be, speaking directly to managers, reading policies and procedures, looking on the internet (direct.gov.uk) , going to a citizen advice bureau or joining a union. Outcome 2 – understand agreed ways of working that protect own relationship with employer 1 – My contract of employment at Crown House covers the following : job title, probationary period, place of work, pay, deductions, hours of work,  overtime, time recording, short time working and lay off, annual holidays, public holidays, sick pay, alcohol and drug testing, pension, notice and garden leave. 2 – My payslip includes the following information: company name, department, payment method, payment period, payments, hours, rate, amount, deductions (PAYE tax, National Insurance, Pension), totals, week/month, date, department number, tax code, employee number, employee name and net total. 3 – If you have a grievance relating to your employment, you should in the first instance raise this with the manager. If the grievance cannot be settled informally, you must set out the grievance and the basis for it in writing and submit it to the Area Manager. 4- Personal information that must be kept up to date with own employer can include : change of name, marital status, change of address, any medical conditions that may affect work, any medication prescribed that may affect work and any altercations with the police must be admitted. 5 – Agreed ways of working includes policies and procedures, which may cover areas such as: Data protection – how confidential files relating to staff or service users are stored in cupboards where access is only given if needed. Conflict management – if there is any conflict between staff members this should be bought to the attention of the manager and he/she should try to resolve this professionally. Anti-discriminatory practise – staff and service users will not be discriminated regardless of their age, gender, sexuality, religion, ethnic background or disability. Health and safety – staff should wear appropriate clothing, for example flat shoes and covered up. It is staffs responsibility to report any health and  safety issues they may come across, whether it be broken equipment or maintenance needed within the building. Equality and diversity – staff and service users must be treated equally but not all the same. Opportunities should not be missed just because somebody may need extra support to do something. For example, if a sensory room is upstairs and somebody cannot manage the stairs for whatever reason, help should be given (lift, stair lift) so that person can access the room. Outcome 3 – Understand how own role fits within the wider context of the sector 1 – My job description is to provide centred focused care to service users. To provide opportunities for service users to increase their knowledge and experience, to encourage them to maintain present skills and learn new ones, and to enable them to gain more control over their lives. To manage and minimise behaviours as best as possible. To ensure the four key principles of the ‘Valuing People’ document are adhered to at all times ‘Rights’ ‘Independence’ ‘Choice’ and ‘Inclusion’. General and administration duties. ** Important: this is not exhaustive and is subject to review in line with the changing needs of the unit and/or the needs of the service users. 2 – Positive Negative Accessing community and participating in activities of enjoyment People may be at risk to themselves and others (staff, members of public) Gives the company a good name Service users not motivated, become lazy Improves service users development and remain stimulated Behaviours may be displayed often Keep service users safe Gives the company a bad reputation 3 – Other people in which staff need to communicate with will include, but  are not limited to, the following: Residential homes – to find out how the service user has been at home (behaviours, illness), let them of know of any lunch requirements (picnics, cooked lunch), ensure money is sent in for planned activities, make sure the service user is dressed appropriately for planned activities. Speech and Language Therapists – to assess, monitor and review a service users eating and swallowing if any problems have been noticed and reported, to offer help with communication aids and techniques. Mental health team – attend regular appointments with service users to see how they are, is medication working? Any new problems/obsessions? How mood has been? (agitated, confused, depressed) Any behaviour triggers? 4 – CQC are regulators for all health and social care services in Enlgand. A regulator is an organisation that checks services meet the government’s standards or rules about care. They also look after the rights of people who need extra support to stay safe. This includes people who are kept in care under a law called the Mental Health Act. The government’s standards cover all areas of care. These rules are about things like: – respecting people and treating them in the way we all expect to be treated. – making sure people receive the food and drink they need. – giving people care in clean, safe buildings. – managing services and having the right staff. CQC put care services on their register if they meet the standards, or act quickly if they do not. They continue to use different information to find out as much as they can about services. Information from the public about their experiences of care is very important to CQC. They also work with local groups and people who use services to find out what’s working well and what’s working badly in health and social care services in their area. Inspectors check services all over England to make sure they meet the rules for safe, effective, compassionate and high-quality care. Care services, and other organisations like the NHS, also give CQC information about certain things that happen. For example, they will check a service if more people are dying there than usual. They act quickly to stop unsafe services or bad ways of working. They say what needs to change and go back to check things are better. CQC can also fine people or companies, give  services a public warning, stop the service caring for any new people, stop a service caring for people while they find out what is happening and even shut services down. Outcome 4 – Understand career pathways available within own related sectors 1 – To be a care home manager you would need the following qualifications – * at least two years’ senior management or supervisory experience in a relevant care setting within the past five years * a qualification appropriate to the care you will be providing, such as NVQ Level 4 in Health and Social Care, a degree in social work or nursing (with live registration) * a management qualification, such as NVQ Level 4 in Leadership and Management for Care Services (which replaces the Registered Managers Award (RMA)) or equivalent like a Diploma in Management Studies, or a Management NVQ Level 4 . To be a nurse you would need the following qualifications – around 5 GCSEs (or equivalent) of Grade C and above including English Literature or Language, Mathematics and a science subject. to take a nursing degree courses you will normally need at least 2 A-Level s or equivalent. all nurse training is done by universities. They offer nursing diplomas or degrees which take three years to complete. The diplomas however are being phased out and most universities are moving to degree only in September 2011 – all universities must move to degree only by September 2013 to work as a nurse in the United Kingdom you must be registered with the Nursing and Midwifery Council. The title â€Å"Registered Nurse† is only given to you when you have that registration. To be a social worker you would need the following qualifications – a three-year undergraduate degree or a two-year postgraduate degree in social work that is approved by the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). Many university courses are full-time, although some work-based routes with part-time study may also be available. You will typically need the following qualifications in order to study for an undergraduate degree in social work: five GCSEs (A-C) including English and maths  at least two A levels, or an equivalent qualification such as a BTEC National  Diploma or NVQ Level 3 in Health and Social Care. You should check entry requirements, as colleges and universities may accept alternatives like an Access to Higher Education or substantial relevant work experience (paid or voluntary). If you already have a degree, you could do a two-year postgraduate Masters degree in social work. When you apply for social work training, you should ideally already have some paid or voluntary experience in a social work or care setting. You will also need to pass background checks by the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS). Previous convictions or cautions may not automatically prevent you from this type of work. 2 – In order to become a Deputy Manager of a day service such as Crown House, I would speak to my current manager and find out all the information I needed to know. I could also get in contact with the companies head office and if need be any training providers. 3 – The next steps in my career pathway are as follows Any refresher training to update my knowledge and remind me what I learnt last time, this will include NAPPI training. Attend first aid course and SOVA course annually Complete NVQ level 3 by December 2015 Mental health training by June 2016 Outcome 5 – Understand how issues of public concern may affect the image and delivery of services in the sector 1 – The following are cases where the public have raised concerns regarding issues within the care sector: Winterbourne View Baby P Ash Court Fiona Chisholm Orme House 2 – Abuse took place at Winterbourne View, a hospital for patients with learning disabilities and challenging behaviours in Gloucestershire. A Panorama investigation broadcast on television in 2011, exposed the physical and psychological abuse suffered by people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour at the hospital. Local social services and the English national regulator (Care Quality Commission) had received various warnings but the mistreatment continued. One senior nurse reported his concerns to the management at Winterbourne View and to CQC, but his complaint was not taken up. The footage showed staff repeatedly assaulting and harshly restraining patients under chairs. Staff gave patients cold punishment showers, left one outside in near zero temperatures, and poured mouthwash into another’s eyes. They pulled patients’ hair and forced medication into patients’ mouths. Victims were shown screaming and shaking, and one patient was seen trying to jump out of a second floor window to escape the torment, and was then mocked by staff members. One patient was repeatedly poked in the eyes. A clinical psychologist who reviewed the footage described the abuse as â€Å"torture†. On 21 June 2011, 86 people and organisations wrote to the Prime Minister, David Cameron about the revelations, â€Å"We are aware of the various actions currently being taken within and outside government – such as the DH review and CQC internal inquiry. We hope to make submissions to those both individually and collectively. However, on their own these will not be enough and a clear programme is needed to achieve change. The prime minister responded saying he was â€Å"appalled† at the â€Å"catalogue of abuses† Panorama uncovered. In June 2011 the Association of Supported Living issued a press statement, which was followed up in writing to every member of parliament in the United Kingdom, calling for community based supported living services to replace institutional services for people with learning disabilities. The Daily Mail said â€Å"Without the investigation by the BBC’s Panorama, given huge coverage in the Mail, the abuse of patients at Winterbourne View might be continuing to this day. As it is, the secure hospital and two other care  homes have been shut down, 11 guilty staff have been brought to justice – and a devastating report now exposes the serial failings of the local NHS, police and health watchdogs. For the past year, the Leveson Inquiry has focused relentlessly on the failings of the media. Never let it be forgotten how much this country owes, in the fight against cruelty and corruption, to its free Press.† The Daily Telegraph said, â€Å"It is impossible to read the details of what went on at Winterbourne View, a care home for the severely disabled in Gloucestershire, without feeling repelled. In the wake of an exposà © from the BBC’s Panorama, 11 members of staff were convicted of almost 40 charges of neglect and ill treatment of those in their care.† The national regulator, the CQC did a nationwide check on facilities owned by the same company, Castlebeck Care – as a result three more institutions have been closed. The CQC reported a â€Å"systemic failure to protect people or to investigate allegations of abuse† and said that Castlebeck Care had â€Å"misled† the health watchdog. The CQC also inspected 132 similar institutions and a Serious Case Review was commissioned. The head of the Care Quality Commission resigned ahead of a critical government report, a report in which Winterbourne View was cited. Mencap published a report warning that similar abuse could be going on elsewhere and calling for the closure of all large institutions far from people’s families. Eleven people pleaded guilty to criminal offences of neglect or abuse as a result of evidence from Undercover Care and six of them were jailed. Immediately after the eleventh person pleaded guilty, the Serious Case Review was published, revealing hundreds of previous incidents at the hospital and missed warnings. 3 – The public seems to have lost faith in such regulators and companies as this has been reocurring for a number of years. The media have issued a lot of publicity stating how care companies, social services and regulators have let the victims down by simply not taking these cases seriously enough and ensuring the well-being and standards are being met. The public may feel  reluctant to use the care services to look after their family members. These issues also give the care sector a bad reputation. 4 – Recent changes in service delivery which have affected own area of work includes staff being supervised and appraised on a regular basis, changes to medication being administered, NAPPI training to prevent forceful restraining, ensuring incident/accident forms are completed correctly and signed by witnesses if needed and up to date training, policies and procedures.

Proteins essays

Proteins essays Proteins are the macromolecules of life. Discovered in 1838, proteins are recognized as a large number of superior organic compounds that make up living organisms and are essential to their functioning. The term protein comes from the Greek word for primary. Proteins have many different properties and function in a variety of ways. They can function as a building material, in teeth, bones and muscles, and they can serve as enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Its functions are the most diverse of any family. Whether found in humans like, animals, plants or in single-celled bacteria, proteins are made of units of 20 different amino acids. Proteins consist of macromolecules called polypeptides, made from monomers called amino acids. Proteins have hundreds, thousands, or sometimes even millions of these amino acids. These amino acids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Some proteins consist of only single polypeptides. In most cases it involves two or more combined polypeptides, sometimes with other small organic molecules or metal ions. The most basic level of protein structure, called the primary structure, is the linear sequence of amino acids. Different sequences of the acids along a chain, however, affect the structure of a protein molecule in different ways. Proteins secondary structure often contains long stretched out chains of amino acids called strands that line up together to make sheets. These are called beta strands and the sheets are called beta-pleated sheets. A protein may contain either or both alpha helices and beta pleated sheets. Alpha helices and beta pleated sheets are joined by less clear structures often grouped together under the name of coil. Some small proteins may be made of coil. There are two types of proteins, fibrous and globular. The major fibrous proteins are collagen, keratin, fibrinogen, and muscle proteins. Collagen, which mak...

The criminal justice system in England and Wales Essay

The criminal justice system in England and Wales - Essay Example A comparative learn of two media forms such as newspapers is conducted by means of a simple systematic move toward.This approach occupied taking sections of the articles inside the newspaper and analysing them on a variety of factors such as images, context, lexis, syntax and linguistics. We appreciate images to be any form of graphical in order, context as the major story and the standard ideas it represents, lexis as the actual language used, grammar as the agreement of the lexis and linguistics as verbal communication devices such as influential or informative approaches. Looking at these variables within an piece of writing will enable a contrast to be drawn as it is the resemblances and dissimilarities which help to identify the form which expresses the correct communication and that which expresses the conflicting (Davies, 1998). It is not, debatably, until this procedure has been accepted that it can be said an organisation has urbanized a strategic move toward to commerce with their troubles. We will now go on to effort to show how this procedure has, or has not, been done inside the background of anti-fraud movement inside the Public Sector.To finally arrive at a phase anywhere an organisation can say, "This is our policy" takes a lot of hard labor, soul penetrating and not to talk about analysis. On top of this is the readiness of an organisation to believe the results of this procedure and have the strength to apply this enchantment policy. As mentioned above there is a immense deal of mistake over the idea of a policy and once it has been shaped it then becomes a holy grail, a universal remedy for all troubles. This is not the container. This magic policy is ghostly in nature, ever altering in line with mounting trends and if it is not extravagances so it can be oppose prolific. It is in this light that we will seem at first the Subdivision for Work and Pensions (DWP) and it's policy for contradicts fraud. There have been two chief reports/studies in fresh years, which have wrought the D.W.P.'s anti fraud policy. These are the Scampion Report, collected by John Scampion functioning in combination with Professor Michael Levi, Lecturer of Criminology at Cardiff University. (Scampion 2000) This account mostly deals with organised deception and how it is attempts, but he also looks at the association flanked by the two arms of the analytical process inside DWP, these life form Counter-Fraud Investigation Division, now recognized as Programme Protection Partition and Counter-Fraud Investigation Service and anywhere they sit in family member to one another and counter- fraud activities. The other report was that produced by Lord Grabiner Q.C. that dealt in the major with the relaxed financial system (Grabiner 2000). originally both these papers had a profound result on the approaches and practices of together the deception practioners on the earth and those tasked with created a fraud policy inside DWP. Here was an chance to build on the labor being done to get improved the professionalism of the investigators from side to side the P.I.N.S. programme. Grabiner's account extolled the qualities of "connected up Government", no longer would administration agencies work in separation of every other. He recognised that though it is tremendously hard, if not possible, to

Literature Review Saudi Stock Market Research Paper

Literature Review Saudi Stock Market - Research Paper Example Corporate firms can raise funds from the market since it is dominated by retailers. The high the volume of trade – which is directly proportional to the number of retail traders – provides high liquidity in the market. To consider a stock market to be effective the market must reflect the consumption of relevant data. In other words, the market must be a reflection of existing data including the performance and governance of the country where the market exists (Onour, 2009). The Saudi stock market was formalized in the early 1980’s (Onour, 2009). Since then the Saudi Market has undergone several changes in accommodate new trading methods. The changes that have been witnessed include changes in the regulatory framework (Onour, 2009) and the trading methods with the introduction of electronic trading. On this paper the researcher will review past literature on the performance of the Saudi Stock Market, comparing and contrasting the performance of the market to other stock markets finally, drawing conclusions and recommendations of how to strengthen the markets performance. Key factors that are affecting the performance of the Market will also be covered in brief. The market growth in capitalization, however, has been steady most attributable to the need to invest in the money being made from the oil industry. Oil Prices and stock markets have been studied in depth by Rault & Arouri (2009). Rault & Arouri have established a linkage between performance of the stock market and oil price shocks. They cite that proper study of oil price shocks can help investors invest in the GCC countries including Saudi Arabia profitably. The Saudi stock market consists of diverse group of companies focused on the strong domestic economy rather than the international prices of oil (Jadwa Investment, 2010). Nonetheless, investors are exposed to the oil sector